Excel’s formula operators specify the type of calculation to perform on the elements of a formula. Excel has four different types of calculation operators: arithmetic, comparison, text, and reference
Arithmetic operators
The arithmetic operators perform basic arithmetic operations. Addition (+), multiplication (*), exponentiation (^), etc.
Comparison operators
The comparison operators compare two values with a result of either TRUE or FALSE. For example, greater than (>), less than or equal to (<=), not equal to (<>), etc.
Text operator
The single text operator (the ampersand, &) allows you to join one or more text strings together. For example “Duke”&” University” results in “Duke University”.
Reference operators
The two reference operators (the colon range operator and the comma union operator) allow you to combine ranges of cells in calculations. For example, B5:B15 uses the colon range operator to refer to all the cells between and including B5 and B15. The formula =SUM(B5:D5,B6:D6,B7) uses the comma union operator to add the values in the seven specified cells.
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