Tuesday, March 26, 2013

8:40 PM


Type

Definition

Example of Use

Batch Processing System
Data or programs are
collected grouped and
Processed at a later date.
Payroll, stock control and
Billing systems.



Real-time Systems
Inputs immediately affect The outputs. Timing is critical
i.e. they are capable of
influencing the source of the data e.g. control where
data from sensors is
Processed immediately and affect the outputs – Controlling some device. Timing is critical and the term real-time control System.
e.g. control of nuclear
Power plants, oil refining, chemical processing and air traffic control systems.



Real-time transaction
Inputs immediately affect the outputs but timing is not critical.
Each transaction is
completed online as it arises e.g. booking systems – each
booking is online and a
database of bookings can be amended interactively and
Very quickly whilst another user is locked out so cannot double book or alter that record at the same time.
Holiday and airline
Booking system.
Difference between real time and real-time
Transactions. In real time, time is critical and delays can be catastrophic but in
real-time transactions
Systems there is no time criticality. E.g. poor speeds in airline control would be
Dangerous but poor booking speeds would not be so crucial.



Online processing
Processing performed
under the direct control of the CPU whilst the user remains in communication with the computer.




Offline processing
Processing which is done away   from CPU.
E.g. batching together of clock   cards, filling in OMR forms.

Provides for interaction
Between the job and the user,   this may influence the course of processing. Such systems may be single-user (e.g. a personal
Computer).
Word processing



Multi-access on-line
Any users linked by
Workstations to a central computer such as in a network.
Holiday or airline booking System. One person must
Be locked out when another is updating the file. This helps to prevent Double booking



Interactive processing
The user has to be present and program cannot proceed until there is some input from the user
Select from a menu at
ATM.



Distributed system
Processing is carried out independently in more than one location, but with shared and controlled access to some common facilities.
Databases e.g. libraries.



Multi programming
Ability to run many
Programs apparently at the same time.
Mainframe systems. Each
job is allocated a small
amount of processing time
(Time slice) in turn.




Multi tasking
The ability to hold several programs in RAM at one time but the user switches
Between them.
Usually uses GUI’s.
Facilitates import and
Export of data.



Source: WJEC GCSE ICT INSET Document on paper 2. Cardiff. March 2003.
classification or types of operating systems


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